In the course of the collapse of the Soviet Union the Ukrainian parliament proclaimed the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine in the city on 24 August 1991. In 2004–2005, the city played host to the largest post-Soviet public demonstrations up to that time, in support of the Orange Revolution. From November 2013 until February 2014, central Kyiv became the primary location of Euromaidan. During the onset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Russian forces attempted to seize Kyiv but were repelled by Ukrainian forces on the outskirts of the city; Kyiv itself escaped major damage. Following the Russian retreat from the region in April 2022, Kyiv has been subject to frequent air strikes.
- Following the gradual loss of Ukraine’s autonomy, Kyiv experienced growing Russification in the 19th century, by means of Russian migration, administrative actions, and social modernization.
- The Shares will change in value, and you could lose money by investing in the Fund.
- Kyiv prospered during the late 19th century Industrial Revolution in the Russian Empire, when it became the third most important city of the Empire and the major centre of commerce in its southwest.
- While this index provides guidance to Volatility Shares for managing BITX’s assets, Volatility Shares does not guarantee that BITX’s mix of futures or performance will exactly track the index.
- Specifically, BITX seeks to deliver 2X the daily percentage moves of S&P Global’s SPBTFDUE index.
Volatility Shares LLC
This historic performance strongly suggests that futures market makers can cost-effectively hedge their positions with Bitcoin. The Fund presents different risks from other funds, may only be suitable for knowledgeable investors who understand the consequences of seeking daily (2x) investment results, including the impact of compounding on Fund performance. Investors in the Fund should actively manage and monitor their investments, as frequently as daily. An investor in the Fund could potentially lose the full value of their investment within a single day. Instead, the Fund seeks to benefit from increases in the price of Bitcoin Futures Contracts for a single day. Some of the buildings are restored and turned into a museum called the Kyiv Fortress, while others are in use in various military and commercial installations.
The Dnieper River naturally divides Kyiv into the Right Bank and the Left Bank areas. Historically on the western right bank of the river, the city expanded into the left bank only in the 20th century. Most of Kyiv’s attractions as well as the majority of business and governmental institutions are on the right bank. There are large industrial and green areas in both the Right Bank and the Left Bank.
The Primary Chronicle states that at some point during the late 9th or early 10th century Askold and Dir, who may have been of Viking or Varangian descent, ruled in Kyiv. They were murdered by Oleg of Novgorod in 882, but some historians, such as Omeljan Pritsak and Constantine Zuckerman, dispute that, arguing that Khazar rule continued as late as the 920s, leaving historical documents such as the Kievan Letter and Schechter Letter. At least three Arabic-speaking 10th century geographers who traveled the area mention the city of Zānbat as the chief city of the Russes. Among them are ibn Rustah, Abu Sa’id Gardezi, and an author of the Hudud al-‘Alam. The texts of those authors were discovered by Russian orientalist Alexander Tumansky.
Museums and galleries
The small Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum acts as both a memorial and historical center devoted to the events surrounding the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and its effect on the Ukrainian people, the environment, and subsequent attitudes toward the safety of nuclear power as a whole. Kyiv is the undisputed center of business and commerce of Ukraine and home to the country’s largest companies, such as Naftogaz Ukrainy, Energorynok and Kyivstar. In 2010, the city accounted for 18% of national retail sales and 24% of all construction activity.128129130131 Real estate is one of the major forces in Kyiv’s economy. They are subject to unique and substantial risks, and historically, have been subject to significant price volatility. Originally on the west bank, today Kyiv is on both sides of the Dnieper, which flows southwards through the city towards the Black Sea.
History
Railways are Kyiv’s main mode of intracity- and suburban transportation. The city has a developed railroad infrastructure including a long-distance passenger station, 6 cargo stations, depots, and repairing facilities. However, this system still fails to meet the demand for passenger service.
Cityscape
Volatility Shares, the issuer of BITX, seeks to have the ETF deliver twice the daily percentage moves of a mix of short-term CME Bitcoin futures. Kyiv is a middle-income city, with prices comparable to many mid-size American cities (i.e., considerably lower than Western Europe). A 2015 study by the International Republican Institute found that 94% of Kyiv was ethnic Ukrainian, and 5% ethnic Russian.90 Most of the city’s non-Slav population comprises Tatars, South Caucasians, and other peoples from the former Soviet Union. During the Soviet era, as the city was expanding, the number of raions also gradually increased. Kyiv expanded into the Dnieper Lowland on the left bank (to the east) as late as the 20th century. The whole portion of Kyiv on the left bank of the Dnieper is generally referred to as the Left Bank (Лівий берег, Livyi bereh).
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From the end of the Ukrainian-Soviet and Polish-Soviet wars in 1921, Kyiv was a city of the Ukrainian SSR, and made its capital in 1934. The city suffered significant destruction during World War II but quickly recovered in the postwar years, remaining the Soviet Union’s third-largest city. Even if Bitcoin goes on to set new all-time highs, investors that buy BITX and never sell will very likely end up disappointed.
The Fund has a limited number of institutions that act as authorized participants on an agency basis (i.e. on behalf of other market participants). The Fund intends to elect and to qualify each year to be treated as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the portion of its net investment income and net capital gain that it distributes to Shareholders, provided that it satisfies certain requirements of the Code. If the Fund does not qualify as a RIC for any taxable year and certain relief provisions are not available, the Fund’s taxable income will be subject to tax at the Fund level and to a further tax at the shareholder level when such income is distributed. We use dedicated people and clever technology to safeguard our platform.
Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which bitx anka the Fund sells portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers, and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon date and price which is higher than the original sale price. A number of factors may affect the Fund’s ability to achieve a high degree of leveraged (2x) correlation with Bitcoin, and there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve a high degree of correlation each day compounded over the period. It connects the historic Uppertown, and the lower commercial neighborhood of Podil through the steep Saint Volodymyr Hill overseeing the Dnieper River. One of Kyiv’s widely recognized modern landmarks is the highly visible giant Mother Ukraine statue made of titanium standing at the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War on the Right bank of the Dnieper. Other notable sites is the cylindrical Salut hotel, across from Glory Square and the eternal flame at the World War Two memorial Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, and the House with Chimaeras. Kyiv is further informally divided into historical or territorial neighbourhoods, each housing from about 5,000 to 100,000 inhabitants.